NIOS Class 10th Home Science English Medium Solve Assignment (TMA) 2021

 Home Science (216)

Tutor Marked Assignment

Max.Marks: 20

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(b) Drying red chilies is your family business. After studying Home Science how can you increase your family income?

Ans- Importance and need to supplement family income knowledge of different sciences for improving home and family environment, 1 tsp finely chopped green chilies (8-10gms).

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words

(b) Find out how the people of your community get affected by air and water pollution. How can you help them to overcome it?

Ans- The People of our community get affected by air and water pollution. There are some ways to control air and water pollution : 

Ways to control air pollution

i) Use a smokeless chulha at home. Provide a tall chimney to the chulha to carry the smoke away.

ii) Use biogas which is a smokeless fuel.

iii) Use a solar cooker at home which uses heat from the sunlight.

iv) Factories should have chimney filters. This will help in trapping the poisonous substances in the gases that are let out by the factories.

Ways to control water pollution

i) Make sure that untreated sewage water is not thrown into the sources of water.

ii) Industries should not be allowed to throw untreated wastes into the river or pond.

iii) Defecation in open and near the water source should be discouraged. Use latrines For defecation.

iv) Latrines, soakage pits, dumping grounds, and landfills should be far away from sources of water.

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Select any six kinds of clothes used in your home. Identify their type of fabric, weave, and finishes.

Ans- The six kinds of clothes used in our home are cotton, flax, wool, silk, rayon, and synthetics.

Identify yarns made from different fibers by breaking test –

Collect samples of fabrics made from different fibers. Take out yarns from each of these and keep each one separately. One by one, hold each yarn in both hands and break it. You will

Observe the following:

1. cotton breaks easily, has brush-like tips and slightly curled fibers.

2. flex - stronger than cotton, needs more strength to break.

3. wool - yarn stretches and breaks with a brush-like tip.

4. silk - yarn breaks with a jerk.

5. rayon – yarn breaks easily and does not have a brush-like tip.

6. Synthetics – yarn stretches and does not break easily.

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

(a) You have taken out your silk dress to wear at a marriage party. In this relation answer the following–

(i) Is it really silk or some other fabric. Then confirm by performing touch and burning tests.

(ii) You found a hole in your dress, tell its reason, and suggest a solution.

(iii) How will you starch, dry, and iron the dress?

(iv) How will you remove oily marks from your dress?

Ans- (i) Yes is it really silk or some other fabric. and Touch Touch it by hand and feel the smoothness. A soft, waxy feeling is a unique characteristic of silk products. When pressed on the surface of the product, a pulling feeling will be created. If there is no such feeling from the product, it should not be the real silk.

(ii) the hole that appears in clothes after washing is one of those mysteries that can only be solved by working through a process of elimination. Consider each probable cause and then do some investigating to check the issue out and see if that could be your problem and then resolve it.

(iii) Simply spray a light layer of starch along the back of the collar, to begin with, and iron as normal. Turn over the collar and repeat the spray-iron process. If you like really stiff collars, then you can repeat the process. Spraying again and ironing over, until you are satisfied with its crispness.

(iv) Remove any excess oil with a paper towel or cloth.

1. Sprinkle baking soda on the affected fabric and allow it to sit for 24 hours

2. After a day passes, vacuum or brush the baking soda away.

3. Spray the affected area with a vinegar and water solution.

4. Scrub with soap and a brush, then rinse.

5. Repeat the process if the stain remains.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

(b) You live with your parents and 22-year-old brother. Keeping this in mind, answer the following:

(i) Which life stage is your family undergoing? Explain briefly.

(ii) What should the family members do to maintain healthy relationships?

(iii) How will you protect your brother from a bad company?

(iv) What is the importance of family values in your life?

Ans- (i) 

• A tick’s life cycle is composed of four stages: hatching (egg), nymph (six-legged), nymph (eight-legged), and an adult.
• Ticks require a blood meal to survive through their life cycle.

(ii) Good family relationships are enjoyable for their own sake - it just feels good to be part of a warm and loving family.

But good family relationships are important for lots of other reasons too. They:

• Make children feel secure and loved, which helps their brains develop.
• Can help to overcome difficulties with children’s eating, sleeping, learning, and behavior.
• Make it easier for your family to solve problems and resolve conflict.
• Help you and your children respect differences of opinion as your children develop more independence.
• Give children the skills they need to build healthy relationships of their own.

(iii) It is high time that you should avoid bad company and pay attention towards your studies. Always remember that hard work is the key to success.

(iv) Values are important also because they provide a foundation as a source of protection, guidance, affection, and support. Instilling family values can protect and guide children against making hurtful decisions in the future as they teach a sense of right and wrong.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below:

(b) Answer the following questions by observing families ground you–

(i) Visit two neighbors and inquire about which type of toilets do the families use? Write one reason for their choice. Write two advantages and disadvantages of the toilets used.

(ii) Based on the principles of management give four suggestions to a woman who wants to increase her family income by making papad.

(iii) A family leaves home at 8.00 am: The mother & father go to work and the child goes to school. Plan their breakfast and packed lunch.

(iv) Prepare a time plan for the family from 6.00 am to 8.00 am.

(v) As an 18-year-old, what four differences will you observe in the physical growth of your 12-Year-old sister and 16-year-old brother? Discuss the four life skills you will help them Develop.

(vi) Your friend is having problems with a recently purchased refrigerator. Using your knowledge of the Consumer Protection Act, help your friend.

Ans- Dierent following types of families and observe and write given situations

(i) The family in which 3 members used to go for open defecation now wants to the toilet in-home, which type of it will suit them and why.

(ii) A woman wants to increase her income by making jam. What suggestions will you give her based on the principles of management?

(iii) In a family where both husband-wife go out for work and children to go to school and all at 8:00 am. Write down the time plan of two hours before leaving home.

(iv) Three young men are staying as paying guests for the preparation of competitive exams. What three suggestions you will give to them to lead a better life in the future?

(v) A young boy living in the family is very careless, does not share responsibilities, and respects elders. Suggest solutions for each problem.

(vi) Mona has suddenly received four guests and she has to serve them lunch within an hour, suggests 4 methods to save time and energy to reach her goal.

Ans-(ii) Lijjat believes in the philosophy of Sarvodaya and collective ownership. It accepts all its working members as the owners and an equal partaker in both profit and loss. The members are co-owners and fondly referred to as "sisters". All the decisions are based on consensus and any member sister has the right to veto a decision. Men can only be salaried employees (accountants, drivers, or security guards), and not the members of the organization (i.e. they are not the owners).

Lijjat organization structure :

The running of the organization is entrusted to a managing committee of twenty-one members, including the President, the Vice-President, two secretaries, and two treasurers. Sanchalikas are in-charge of various branches and divisions. The office-bearers of the managing committee and the sanchalikas are chosen from among the member-sisters on the basis of consensus every three years. Each branch has a committee of eleven member-sisters, again chosen by consensus.

The central office in Mumbai previously coordinated the activities of various branches. But, as the organization grew, the authority was decentralized in terms of work and sharing of profits at the branch level. However, the sanchalikas still need the managing committee’s approval before they undertake any new project or activity.

All the branches follow the same set of instructions and have similar accounting systems. To co-ordinate various branches in a region or state, there are branch co-ordination committees and area meetings of the various branches in a state. The annual general meeting is attended by member-sisters representing branches and divisions from all over India

Currently, Lijjat has branches in seventeen Indian states – Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal.

Account books are easily accessible to all the member-sisters, ensuring transparency. Light follows its own financial accountability principle. There is no credit method for running operations in the organization. Every payment is done on a daily basis, except for the outside supply of raw material. Profits and losses are shared equally among the members of a given branch. In the initial days of Lijjat, the profits of the first six months were shared equally among all sisters in the form of gold. This sharing practice is still in effect, but now the decision whether to share the profits in gold or in cash is made at the branch level. The cost of national-level advertising is borne by all branches and divisions, depending on their individual production abilities.