Science of Technology (212)
Tutor Marked Assignment
Max.Marks: 20
1. Answer anyone out of the following questions in about 40-60.
(b) Explain the thermal expansion process with the help of diagram and two suitable examples from daily life.
Ans- Thermal expansion occurs when an object expands and becomes larger due to a change in the object's temperature. To understand how this happens, we need to think about what temperature actually is. Temperature is the average kinetic (or movement) energy of the molecules in a substance. A higher temperature means that the molecules are moving faster on average. If you heat up the material, the molecules move faster and, as a result, they take up more space they tend to move into areas that were previously empty. This causes the size of the object to increase.
So when you heat up the jar lid, the same thing happens – the jar lid expands. So does the glass, but metals expand more than glass. The gaps between the metal jar lid and the glass threads increase, so it becomes easier to open.
A bimetal strip consists of two thin strips of different metals such as brass and iron joined together. On heating the strip, brass expands more than iron. This unequal expansion causes the bending of the strip.
Bridges made of steel girders also expand during the day and contract during the night. They will bend if their ends are fixed. To allow thermal girder rests on rollers in the gap left for expansion.
2. Answer anyone out of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.
(a) Write the formula of the compounds.
3. Answer anyone out of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.
(b) (i) If the cerebellum is not functioning properly, which activities of our body would Get affected?
Ans- Cerebellum control the voluntary action of our body so if the cerebellum is not functioning properly, voluntary action of our body like maintaining posture, balance, etc. will be affected.
If the cerebellum is not functioning properly, activities of our body may get affected like,
- Balance: Maintenance of body balance or equilibrium and posture.
- Movements: Motor, voluntary, and coordinating movements.
- Strength: Maintenance of muscle tone.
- Sensory perception: of vision, speech.
- Intellectual: Motor learning and cognitive functions.
Ans- The medulla controls the involuntary activities of the body like sneezing, Heart rate, and vomiting.
Here are some of the regions of the medulla and their functions:
(i) Reflex centers – this is responsible for reflexes such as swallowing, Vomiting, sneezing, and coughing.
(ii) The cardiac center – responsible for the regulation of the heart rate.
(iii) The vasomotor center – this is responsible for the regulation of blood pressure.
(iv) Respiratory center – this is responsible for the breathing activity.
4. Answer anyone out of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.
(b) (i) Explain the following:
- Ionic compounds conduct electricity in a molten state but covalent compounds Cannot conduct electricity in the molten state.
In a solid-state, the movement of iron is restricted because the ions are held together in fixed positions by strong electrostatic force and cannot move freely. These ionic compounds conduct electricity in a molten state or solution but in a solid-state, they do not conduct electricity.
- The melting point of naphthalene is 353.4K the melting point of sodium Chloride is 1074K.
(ii) Explain Redox Reaction with example.
Ans- An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.
The formation of hydrogen fluoride is an example of a redox reaction. We can break the reaction down to analyze the oxidation and reduction of reactants. The hydrogen is oxidized and loses two electrons, so each hydrogen becomes positive.
H2 +2F→2HF
5. Answer anyone out of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.
(a) A group of tall, elongated cells having cilia at their free ends, are found in the inner lining of the stomach and intestine. Name these tissues and also mention their functions in the body?
Ans- Epithelium is one of only 4 types of human body tissues. Like all types, it is formed by cells within an extracellular matrix (ECM).
The cells in this tissue are tightly packed within a thin ECM. Forming sheets that cover the internal and external body surfaces (surface epithelium) and secreting organs (glandular epithelium). Functions of epithelial tissue are secretion, protection, absorption, transportation, and special sensory receptive.
Cilia – fingerlike structures present on almost every epithelial cell. There are three types of cilia; motile, primary, and nodal. Their respective functions are; removing foreign particles from the epithelial surface, transportation of signals from the ECM to the intracellular space, and Fetal development.
6. Prepare any one project out of the given below.
(b) Visit a nearby school or college laboratory and collect information about some of the chemicals that are used in the laboratory. Answer the following–
(i) How will you differentiate between organic and inorganic chemicals?
Ans- The terms "organic" and "inorganic” mean something different in chemistry than when you're talking about food and produce. Organic and inorganic compounds form the basis for organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry. Organic chemists study organic molecules, their synthesis, and the reactions between them. Inorganic chemists study all other types of substances, including salts, metals, and minerals.
(ii) Name the functional group present in ethanol.
Ans- Ethanol is the byproduct of plant fermentation and is also produced by the Hydration of ethylene.
(iii) Name the allotropic forms of carbon.
Ans-
Some chemical elements exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state. These different forms are called allotropes. Diamond, graphite, and fullerene are different allotropes of carbon. Graphite is used in ribbons for printing in computes and typewriters and also in lead pencils.
(iv) How will you differentiate between alcohols and carboxylic acids?
Ans- Alcohols and carboxylic acids are organic compounds. They are composed of C, H, and O atoms in different combinations. Both these compounds are acidic compounds. They have special groups of atoms that are called functional groups. The difference between alcohol and carboxylic acid can be identified by the presence of these functional groups. Since they are different compounds, they show different physical and chemical properties as discussed in this article. There are many applications of alcohols and carboxylic acids in the laboratory and in the industry. The main difference between alcohol and carboxylic acid is that the functional group present in alcohol is a hydroxyl group (-OH) whereas the functional group in carboxylic acid is the carboxyl group (-COOH).
(v) How will you differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
Ans-
Ans- Compounds of carbon are classified as organic when carbon is bound to hydrogen. Carbon compounds such as carbides (e.g., silicon carbide [SiC2]), some carbonates (e.g., calcium carbonate [CaCO3]), some cyanides (e.g., sodium cyanide [NaCN]), graphite, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide are classified as inorganic.
Super
ReplyDelete