NIOS Class 10th Social Science English Medium (213) Solved Assignment (TMA) 2021-22 | Nios Social Science Solve TMA 2021-22

 Social Science (213)

Tutor Marked Assignment (2021-22)

20% Marks Of Theory

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1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.

Ans: The two cardinal principles or teachings of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankar of Jainism are: 

1. Ahimsa or Non-Violence: Mahavira focused more on Non-Violence than any sect or religion in the world. He preached that his followers should covered their mouth by handkerchief so that the insects don't enter into their mouth and die.

2. Satya or Truth: Mahavira propagated the principal of truth and preached that truth should be spoken in every circumstances.

I have observed many activities being practiced by our colony residents which are helping to conserve and protect the environment. The first activity which we carry out regularly every year when the monsoon rains start is celebrating the Van Mahotsav. We normally celebrate this on 1st of July by planting trees saplings in various parts of the colony and watering them. These saplings are protected from being eaten by stray animals by encircling them with metal guard enclosures. This improves the atmospheric oxygen activity in and around our colony. Another activity being carried out in our colony is segregating kitchen waste and other household waste into recyclable and biodegradable categories by keeping them in different bins at home and every day disposing of them in similar bins coloured blue (for recyclable waste) and green (for biodegradable waste) in the big bins just outside the colony This helps the municipality in easy disposal of these wastes and keeps the environment clean.

2. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

(a) India is a country of Physical diversity’. Compare the physical features of a state situated in northern region of India with a state of southern region.

Ans- Explanation:

India is a land of diversity in all manners. From culture, economy and even the landscape of India has diverse elements, all on one landmass. The wide range of physical features of India makes the country a complete geographical study. In fact, India has every possible landscape that the earth has. From cold mountains to arid deserts, vast plains, hot and humid plateau and wide sea shores and tropical islands, the physical features of India cover every terrain.

3. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

(a) Mention two electoral reforms required urgently to conduct free and fair election in India.

Ans- There are two electoral reforms required urgently to conduct free and fair election in India. main They are the Returning Officer, and Polling Office.

Returning Officer:

In every constituency, one Officer is designated as ReturningOfficer by the Commission in consultation with the concerned State government. However, an Officer can be nominated as Returning Officer for more than oneconstituency. He/She is the official who 

(a) receives and scrutinises the nominationpapers of the candidates contesting elections. 

(b) allots election symbols on behalf of the Election Commission.

(c) conducts smooth elections in the constituency (ies).

(d) ensures counting of votes, and € declares the election results.

Polling Officer:

Every Presiding Officer is assisted by three or four officials whoare called the Polling Officers. These officials ensure that the elections take placesmoothly at the polling booth. They check the names of the voters in the electoralroll, put indelible ink on the finger of the voter, issue ballot papers and ensure thatvotes are secretly cast by each voter.

4. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

(a) Identify any two contributions each of the Chin and the Han dynasty rulers of China who helped to developed their civilisation.

Ans- 

The Chinese civilisation grew up in the Hwang Ho valley in North China. The firstrulers known were the Shangs (1523 BC to 1122 BC), who built China’s first cities. They also contributed to art and culture. The Chinese writing system was developedduring this period. Craftspersons of this period, especially the bronze workers weregreat experts in their fields.The Shang dynasty was overthrown by the Zhous, who built strong forts and walledtowns to defend themselves from invaders. It was during the later phase of the Zhourule that iron was introduced, thus ending the Bronze Age in China. In 221 BC, the Chin rulers came to power in China. They ordered the use of commonlanguage, common laws and common weights and measures throughout their empire.Do you know that they were the rulers who built the famous Great Wall of China? After the Chins, the Han dynasty came to power, who ruled till AD 220. It was duringthis period that Chinese traders had contact with the West through the famous SilkRoute, crossing Central Asia and Persia. The people of China worshipped a number of deities. Worship of ancestors, natureand spirits were very common. In China a famous religious preacher named Confuciusadvocated a system of right behavior, which greatly influenced Chinese society and government. He laid emphasis on good moral character, respect to elders. and loyaltyto the family and obedience to the laws of the State.

5. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

(a) Identify major agencies that form our public opinion.

Ans- Public Opinion: Agencies for its Formulation As we have seen above, public opinion is not the simple aggregation of views oropinions expressed by individuals or groups. In fact, public opinion is formed on thebasis of such views and opinions, but as you find in the illustration, there are numberof agencies that contribute to its formulation. The following are some of the importantagencies which help to formulate public opinion: 

1.Print Media:

Newspapers, periodicals, magazines and other print materials have been. Contributing to the formulation of public opinion since a long time. As you are very well aware, the news items, articles, news stories, letters to editors andseveral other published items on almost all the critical public issues update theindividual views and opinions. These also assimilate and concretise varied viewsand opinions and help them evolve as public opinion. These media instrumentsalso facilitate communication of public opinion to all concerned.

2. Electronic Media: Cinema, radio, T.V. channels and now cell phones have emerged as perhaps the most effective tools that contribute to the formulation of public opinion. Their audio-visual mode helps a great deal in assimi 4/5 V d opinions expressed even in the remotest part of the country. They help in conting views into the most representative public opinion and also in communicating it to all concerned. 

3. Political Parties: Political parties constitute an important agency for opinion formation. As you also may be experiencing, almost everyday, the political parties and their leaders feed the people with facts and ideas. We hear and see the leaders of political parties undertaking padyatras, rathyatras and workers of political parties conducting mass awareness activities about their programmes and policies. These contribute a great deal in the formulation of public opinion.  

4. Legislatures: Legislatures, Parliament and State Legislatures in our country arethe most effective institutions that make substantive contribution to the formationof public opinion. 

5. Educational Institutions: Different educational institutions also help create public Opinion. Our schools, colleges, universities and professional institutes leave on our minds permanent impact. These formal educational institutions impart political education and contribute to the formation of public opinion as well.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below.

(a) Collect the data of the level of education and occupation in three generation of the five families in your neighbourhood including your family in the given table.

Ans- Collect the data of the level of education and occupation in three generation of the five families in your neighbourhood including your family in the given table. 

In first generation grandfather worked in his own farm and he had no knowledge about money manage therefore he cannot maintain his money wisely. But in second generation father studied 12th standard he well known about money management therefore he became a profitable businessman. In 3rd generation the children never thought about money they just chased their passion of studying and helping the nation to grow with their knowledge and hard work

.